Module I: Reading and Writing

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Charcoal from a hearth site in Colorado, 2,000 miles south of Alaska, is known to be 11,200 years old. Researchers reasoned that since glaciers prevented human migration south from the Alaska–Siberia land bridge between 18,000 and 11,000 years ago, humans must have come to the Americas more than 18,000 years ago.
Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
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Using new radiocarbon dating techniques, it was determined that the charcoal from the Colorado site was at least 11,400 years old.
A computer simulation of glacial activity showed that it would already have been impossible for humans to travel south overland from Alaska 18,500 years ago.
Using new radiocarbon dating techniques, it was proved that an ice-free corridor allowed passage south from the Alaska–Siberia land bridge at least 11,400 years ago.
Studies of various other hunting-gathering populations showed convincingly that, once the glaciers allowed passage, humans could have migrated from Alaska to Colorado in about 20 years.
Humans get Lyme disease from infected ticks. Ticks get infected by feeding on animals with Lyme disease, but the ease of transmission from host animal to tick varies. With most species of host animal, transmission of Lyme disease to ticks is extremely rare, but white-footed mice are an exception, readily passing Lyme disease to ticks. And white-footed mouse populations greatly expand, becoming the main food source for ticks, in areas where biodiversity is in decline. Therefore, _______.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
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in areas where many humans are infected with Lyme disease, the proportion of ticks infected with Lyme disease is especially high.
very few animals that live in areas where there are no white-footed mice are infected with Lyme disease.
humans are less at risk of contracting Lyme disease in areas where biodiversity is high.
the greater the biodiversity of an area, the more likely any given host animal in that area is to pass Lyme disease to ticks.
Although strangers compliment the comedian on her work repeatedly, almost ___, she is always moved by such enthusiastic encouragement.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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tenuously
staunchly
incessantly
inimitably
In contrast to the ___ maneuvers of his colleagues, Roberto’s business relations were always open and aboveboard.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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Mark for Review
convivial
clandestine
steadfast
frank
This medical study shuns ___ in describing the drug’s dangers; the appeal is to rational evaluation rather than to fear.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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Mark for Review
obfuscation
certitude
sensationalism
plausibility
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