Module I: Reading and Writing

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Environmental scientists purport that it is ______ for individuals to make choices that reduce their level of carbon emissions. For example, people who eliminate meat from their diet save an amount of emissions equivalent to taking a small car off the road for several months.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word?
1
Mark for Review
feasible
unlikely
impossible
extravagant
The impact musicians such as Stravinsky and Holst had on American composer John Williams is by no means ______; in fact, Williams himself recognizes their influence. However, Williams’s career has a distinctive legacy of its own, with dozens of award wins and nominations and iconic movie scores, including Star Wars, Jurassic Park, and Harry Potter.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word?
2
Mark for Review
memorable
insignificant
presumable
traditional
Seismologists are able to determine which places are at higher risk of earthquakes by studying the location of the Earth’s tectonic plates, since it is movement along these boundaries which causes the catastrophic events. They are much less confident, however, about when earthquakes will happen, and in fact, the USSS has never accurately predicted the timing of a major earthquake. In 1975, Chinese scientists used preceding foreshocks to make a prediction of a magnitude 7.5 earthquake in Haicheng, China, but the prediction was later deemed to be a fluke.
Which choice best describes the function of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text?
3
Mark for Review
It explains how the work of the Chinese scientists was received by others in the field.
It presents the central discovery reported by the Chinese scientists.
It identifies the problem that Chinese scientists had hoped to solve but did not.
It describes a critical issue with the method used by the Chinese scientists in their research.
The Rock Pigeon, the most common city pigeon, is native to several areas across the globe, including Europe, North Africa, and India. Today, the city pigeon can be found all over the world and makes its habitat in many cities across North America. But this pattern is not the result of natural migratory patterns. In the 1600s European settlers traveled with pigeons to America in order to keep them as farm animals. Cities such as New York are overpopulated with pigeons now because the birds have adapted to live and build nests in the city’s many small crannies.
Which choice best describes the function of the third sentence in the overall structure of the text?
4
Mark for Review
It provides an explanation for the ways in which pigeons have migrated across the globe.
It undermines what might be an initial theory to explain the global prevalence of pigeons today.
It contextualizes the rationale for the European settlers’ choices.
It contradicts the findings reported in the passage’s first sentence.
Text1
When a passerby chooses to provide aid to a person in need, it is likely to have a positive impact on both parties in the interaction. An organization called Foundations for Social Change conducted a program called the New Leaf Project that demonstrated not only how a direct cash transfer program provided immediate financial empowerment to homeless individuals but also how it freed up community resources.
Text 2
Sociologists Karimul Islam and Nissan Nasrin conducted a study on beggars that suggested providing direct relief to the individuals in need had no far-reaching impact on their socioeconomic wellbeing. Instead of having a long term positive effect on their lives, the beggars ultimately continued begging and did not demonstrate a significant difference in their own earnings.
Based on the texts, how would Islam and Nasrin (Text 2) most likely respond to the organizers of the New Leaf Project (Text 1)?
5
Mark for Review
They would encourage the New Leaf Project to measure the longer term impacts of their cash transfer on the individuals’ lives to determine if the money continued helping them beyond the immediate financial empowerment.
They would applaud their ability to free up community resources and inquire about their methodology.
They would argue that providing direct relief is inherently wrong and that they should have pursued their project in an entirely different fashion.
They would recommend the New Leaf Project to conduct a subsequent study comparing how the impact of the aid varied depending on other social factors such as gender, age, and neighborhood.
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