In recent years, the process of sublimation has garnered significant attention in the scientific community. This phase transition, where a substance moves directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state, has been met with a ______ response from researchers who see its potential applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and materials science.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Cognitive scientist Alicia Russo and her colleagues found that cognitive load—the mental effort needed to understand complex material—reduces readers’ long-term retention. Educators can mitigate this effect by providing students with structured outlines, but these outlines, though helpful, are largely _____ text length, so instructors who rely on them will likely favor assigning shorter passages rather than longer readings.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In Joyce Kilmer's poem "Trees," the poet expresses a deep reverence for nature. Kilmer's work, characterized by its lyrical and heartfelt tone, is a celebration of the natural world. The author's depiction of trees, with their majestic forms and almost divine presence, is _______. Kilmer's vivid imagery and emotional depth highlight the beauty and sanctity of nature, making this poem a timeless piece in American literature.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The rise of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century marked a significant transformation in transportation and manufacturing. Pioneers like Henry Ford revolutionized production with the introduction of the assembly line, making cars more affordable and accessible to the general public. Despite these advancements, the industry faced numerous challenges, including economic fluctuations and competition from foreign manufacturers. Overcoming these obstacles, the American automobile industry became a symbol of innovation and economic strength.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion?

The following text is adapted from Alice Walker's 1982 novel 'The Color Purple.' The protagonist, Celie, writes letters to God as a way to cope with the hardships she faces in her life.

'Dear God,' wrote Celie. 'I am fourteen years old. I have always been a good girl. Maybe you can give me a sign letting me know what is happening to me.' Celie continued to write, pouring her heart out in letters, finding strength in her words and discovering her own voice.'

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?