Module I: Reading and Writing

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From mountains to monuments, deserts to rainforests, and isolated islands to teeming cities, the sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List are chosen because they hold cultural or natural value that the organization wishes to preserve for future generations. _____ blank in 2008, UNESCO recognized the importance of France’s Lagoons of New Caledonia, making up one of the largest reef systems in the world, by adding them to the list as a natural heritage site.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
1
Mark for Review
By contrast,
Next,
Accordingly,
In other words,
In Puerto Rico, it’s not unusual for a city or town to be known by a nickname that corresponds to one of its notable features, like landscape, _____ blank or chief exports. For example, the Puerto Rican municipality of Santa Isabel has also been called “the Land of Champions,” a nickname that alludes to what the area is well known for: its rich sports traditions, especially in baseball.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
2
Mark for Review
climate famous residents
climate, famous residents,
climate; famous residents;
climate: famous residents,
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
The Carnegie Prize is an international art competition.
It is administered by the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
One Carnegie Prize gold medal winner is Cecilia Beaux of the US.
Beaux’s painting Mother and Daughter was honored in 1899.
The student wants to indicate the name of the artist who created the prize-winning painting Mother and Daughter. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
3
Mark for Review
The Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, administers a competition honoring outstanding artworks.
The Carnegie Prize is an international art competition administered by the Carnegie Museum of Art.
The prize-winning painting Mother and Daughter is by the artist Cecilia Beaux.
In 1899, an artist from the US won a Carnegie Prize gold medal.
A student has taken the following notes:
A team of researchers led by Guanning Pang discovered that inactive volcanoes in the Cascade Range have large underground magma chambers 3 to 9 miles below their surface.
Some of these volcanoes have been dormant for thousands of years.
Researchers detected magma by tracking earthquake waves that slowed down when passing through chambers of magma consisting of 3% to 32% melted rock.
Magma chambers need over 35% liquid rock to potentially erupt.
These findings challenge the scientific theory that magma chambers only exist right before eruptions.
The discovery could improve volcano monitoring and eruption prediction methods.
A student wants to undermine a scientific assumption about magma chambers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
4
Mark for Review
Researchers detected magma chambers by tracking earthquake waves through partially melted rock, improving volcano monitoring and eruption prediction methods for dormant volcanoes.
By tracking earthquake waves, Pang found that magma reservoirs sit 3 to 9 miles below the Cascade Range volcanoes’ surface and need over 35% liquid magma to potentially erupt.
Magma chambers need over 35% liquid rock to potentially erupt, refuting the assumption that volcanoes dormant for thousands of years have melted rock below.
Scientists found inactive Cascade Range volcanoes with large magma chambers below their surface, challenging the theory that magma chambers only exist right before eruptions.
The desirability of minimizing the use of adverbs, especially those ending in -ly (e.g., “obediently”), in prose fiction is a point of agreement among many novelists, including Graham Greene, who described adverbs as “damaging to a writer.” To investigate whether -ly adverb avoidance is associated with literary achievement, statistician Ben Blatt calculated the frequency with which such adverbs occur in the works of E.M. Forster and other prominent English-language novelists and found that there is a positive correlation between low -ly adverb frequency and novels’ perceived literary merit.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
5
Mark for Review
It makes a claim about a trait of prose fiction, details an observation about that trait’s increasing proliferation, and then makes a supposition based on that observation.
It mentions a popular strategy for crafting prose fiction, outlines a benefit of that strategy, and then presents research that provides a more nuanced view of that benefit.
It describes a phenomenon inherent to prose fiction, summarizes a procedure used to investigate that phenomenon, and then notes a benefit of that procedure.
It introduces a widely held view on prose fiction, offers an example of what a proponent of that view has asserted, and then discusses a study examining data relevant to that view.
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