The mihrab (or tower) is one of many features that are foundational to traditional mosque architecture and is therefore considered ________ blank aspect of mosque design. Even mosques that exhibit elements of multiple architectural styles, such as the Grand Jamiq Mosque, which incorporates elements from the Islamic and Mughal styles, will also include several of these standard features. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Willa Cather's 1892 novel Alexander's Bridge. 1 For the next few days Alexander was very busy. He took a desk in the office of a [Scottish] engineering firm on Henrietta Street, and was at work almost constantly. He avoided the clubs and usually dined a 2 lone at his hotel. As used in the text, what does the word "constantly" most nearly mean?

Siemowit is said to have ruled what eventually became Poland in the 9th century. Unlike that of Zbiegniew or other well-attested figures from early Polish history, Siemowit's existence has been the subject of debate, as our knowledge of him is ________ blank some blank dubious oral traditions first written down hundreds of years after the events they describe. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Parapuzosia seppenradensis, known to have lived in what is now Texas, and Parapuzosia leptophylla, known to have lived in what is now Austria, were both ammonites, but P. seppenradensis was much larger than P. leptophyll

In their study of fossils of the extinct arthropod Mollisonea symmetrica, Javier Ortega-Hernández, James Weaver, and team reported some obvious indications of M. symmetrica's nervous system—for example, nerves extending into the animal's body parts. They also saw signs of what might be a synganglion, a brain-like mass of nerve tissue, in the animal's head. This evidence is exciting because it could help us better understand how M. symmetrica is related to other arthropods, such as lampyrid beetles and barnacles.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?