Module I: Reading and Writing

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Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Noah Fierer and colleagues _______ pots of sterilized soil with slurries of live microbes collected from soil in five sites across Colorado, including areas of ponderosa pine forest and dry pasture. Fierer and team then grew mustard plants in the pots to see if the different microbial slurries affected levels of spicy glucosinolates like 3-methylthiopropyl in the plants’ seeds.
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Mark for Review
populated
precluded
sanitized
estimated
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The collectibles market is one of the most difficult segments of the consumer economy to _____. Few economists would have predicted, for example, that the prices of vintage movie posters would soar in the 2010s, but soar they did.
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Mark for Review
forecast
avoid
exchange
monitor
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Derived from research conducted with factory workers from 1924 to 1933, the Hawthorne effect suggests that participants' awareness that they are being studied alters their behavior and influences study outcomes. Since then, several researchers have claimed to invalidate this phenomenon, positing that the Hawthorne effect cannot be _____ because attempts to detect it invariably involve faulty research methods.
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Mark for Review
inculcated
rectified
substantiated
hypothesized
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Paleontologists think that Anhanguera, Saltasaurus, and other long-extinct pterosaurs and sauropods may have breathed using air sacs connected to tubelike extensions inside the animals' bones. Such structures are found in modern birds, which is why some paleontologists treat the respiratory systems of birds as _____ those of Anhanguera, Saltasaurus, and other pterosaurs and sauropods.
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Mark for Review
emissaries for
subordinates of
harbingers of
proxies for
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
Advancements like the emergence of glassmaking in Mesopotamia circa 3500 BCE are overemphasized in innovation studies, contributing to the idea that technological change always brings greater complexity. Research by Nathaniel Erb-Satullo reveals an important exception: gold metallurgy flourished in the Caucasus in the Bronze Age, but a steep drop during that time (circa 1500 BCE) in objects featuring gold filigree (in which fine threads of gold are arranged in intricate patterns) and other sophisticated goldsmithing techniques suggests that simpler processes supplanted advanced methods.
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Mark for Review
It details the near-consensus among researchers in a particular field of study regarding how technology evolves and then indicates the controversial nature of a study challenging that broadly accepted view.
It summarizes the findings of several studies into the origins of a particular invention and then presents additional evidence from a more recent study that contradicts those findings.
It advances a claim made by researchers in one academic field about the nature of technological change and then critiques a contrasting claim presented by a researcher from a related academic field.
It explains that a particular interpretation of technological development has been perpetuated in an academic field and then provides a counterexample demonstrating that the interpretation isn't always accurate.
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