Module I: Reading and Writing

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As volcanologists like Tamsin Mather are apt to make clear, not all volcanoes are the same. Água de Pau in the Azores Islands, for example, is a stratovolcano, a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava and tephra. Methana in Greece, ______ blank is a lava dome, a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
1
Mark for Review
 in any case
in conclusion
in contrast
in fact
One way to evaluate the importance of a scholar's research is to _______other scholars' references to that research. For example, a count of other scholars' citations shows that Yale University economist Xiaohong Chen, who studies statistical methods in economics, is referenced frequently, indicating that her work has been significant in the field.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
2
Mark for Review
 enumerate
transpose
abridge
circumvent
Urban green spaces can improve air quality, as vegetation absorbs pollutants and also dilutes pollutant concentrations through ventilation. However, data from air-quality monitoring stations in locations throughout Romania suggest that this often-cited benefit of vegetation is not always _______: researchers found that when there are many trees along a busy street, ventilation has minimal effect on the air quality.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
3
Mark for Review
immoderate
realized
unappreciated
compressed
Analyzing data on Hemitriccus diops and 378 other bird species from the Tyranni suborder, W. Alice Boyle and Courtney J. Conway found that group foragers are much less likely to seasonally migrate in search of food than solitary foragers are, suggesting that seasonal resource scarcity can be _______ the greater foraging efficiency that group foraging confers.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
4
Mark for Review
predicated on
conflated with
overcome by
compelled by
Run by researchers in multiple countries, the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is an examination of aging that has attempted to track approximately 66,000 people for several years. Long-running studies like this need a lot of participants not merely for statistical robustness but also because of _______: over such a length of time, a substantial number of participants will withdraw or fall out of contact with the researchers.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
5
Mark for Review
impartiality
replicability
attrition
circumspection
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